13 Types Of Stones | Use & Properties

Stone is a naturally occurring, solid, and durable material that is commonly used in construction. It is made up of minerals, such as quartz, feldspar, mica, and others, and can be found in a wide variety of colors, textures, and patterns. Stones are formed through geological processes, such as erosion, heat, and pressure, and can be found in various sizes, from small pebbles to large boulders.

Their various types of stones are used for a wide variety of purposes, including building walls, floors, and roofs, as well as for decorative purposes in landscaping and interior design. They are known for their strength, durability, and natural beauty, and are often used in combination with other building materials, such as bricks, concrete, and wood.

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Types of Stones

The following are the most useful types of stones and their use in construction,

1. Granite

Granite is an igneous type of stone. Granite is hard and durable. Also, it is available in many colors. Granites are used in construction work such as steps, walls, kitchens, frames of doors and windows, etc.

It is not suitable for carving purposes. The specific gravity of granite is 2.0 to 2.7 and its Compressive strength varies from 770 kg/ cm2 to 1300 kg/cm2.it is easily available in many places.

2. Ballast

Ballast is an igneous type of rock. Ballast is also known as trap. It is hard so that difficult to work with using this type of stone. It is specific gravity is 3 and its compressive strength is 1530kg/cm2 to 1890 kg/cm2.

Ballast is used in foundation work, masonry, road metal, etc. it is easily found in Maharashtra, Gujarat, M.P., Bengal, and Bihar.

3. Chalk

Chalk is a sedimentary type of rock. The Colour of the chalk is pure white. It is the texture in powder form. Chalk is used in the manufacturing of Portland cement and putty work.

4. Gneisses

Gneisses are a metamorphic type of stone. It is specific gravity is 2.69 and its compressive strength is 2100 kg/cm2. Gneisses are commonly used in street paving, masonry work, etc.

Also, it is easy to use. It is locally found in Mysore, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Kerala, A.P., Bihar, and Madras.

5. Lime Stones

Limestone is a Sedimentary type of stone. It consists of carbonate of lime. It is specific gravity is 2 to 2.75 and its compressive strength is 550 kg/ cm2.

Uses of limestones are for many purposes like for flooring, step, wall, manufacture of lime, etc. Limestone is locally found in Rajasthan, Punjab, Andaman Island, Himachal Pradesh, M.P., and Bihar.

6. Marbles

Marble is a metamorphic rock. It is available in different colors. It is specific gravity is 2.65 and its compressive strength is 720 kg/cm2.

Marble is used for flooring purposes, steps, facing work, etc. marble is easily carved and sawn. Marble is locally found in Rajasthan, Gujarat, A.P., M. P., U.P., and Mysore.

6. Murum

Murum is a metamorphic type. The Colour of murum is deep brown or red. It is made of by composition of laterite stone. Murum is used in the garden wall, for fancy paths, etc.

7. Kankar

Kankar is a sedimentary type of stone. It is used in the manufacturing of hydraulic lime, road metal, etc. it is easily found in Central India and North India.

8. Laterite

Laterite is a type of metamorphic rock. Its qualities are porous, has a high percentage of oxide in iron, and is easily quarried. The laterite is available in different colors.

It is compressive strength is 18 to 32 kg/cm2. Also, it’s used in stone masonry, building stone, and road metal, etc.

9. Slate

Slate is a metamorphic type of rock. Its specific gravity is 2.89 and compressive strength is 770 kg/cm2 to 2110 kg/cm2. Slates are used for roofing purposes damp proof courses and sills work etc.

The slate is available in black color. Also, it has non-absorbent properties. It is locally found in U.P, M.P, Mysore, Rajasthan, and Madras. Sandstone is a sedimentary stone. It is easily dressed in any shape and size. Also available in various colors.

The specific gravity of sandstones is from 2.65 to 2.95 and the Compressive strength is 650 kg/cm2.use of sandstones is for flooring purposes, wall, and carving purposes.

10. Quartzite

Quartzite is a metamorphic type of rock. It is used in pitching work, rubble masonry, facing of building and retaining walls, etc. Quartzite texture is hard, brittle, and compact.

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13 Types of Stones | Use & Properties